Agriculture Education in Countries – Alphabetical List. Agricultural education is crucial in fostering sustainable farming practices, increasing productivity, and promoting innovation in the agricultural sector. It provides students with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in agriculture-related careers and prepares them to tackle food security, environmental conservation, and rural development challenges. The nature and focus of agricultural education vary significantly across the world, reflecting the unique agricultural landscapes, cultural contexts, and economic conditions in different countries.
Table of Contents
Agriculture Education in Countries – Alphabetical List
1. Afghanistan
Located in South Asia, Afghanistan is a landlocked country bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China. With a rich and complex history dating back to the Bronze Age, Afghanistan is known for its ethnic diversity, with Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks being the most populous groups. The capital and largest city is Kabul. The terrain is dominated by rugged mountains and desert areas, but there are also fertile valleys that support agriculture, which is a major part of the country’s economy. Sadly, decades of conflict have led to widespread instability and humanitarian crises.
2. Albania
Albania is a small, mountainous country in the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Greece, with coastlines along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Its capital, Tirana, embodies a rich blend of Ottoman, Fascist and Soviet-era architecture. Despite its small size, Albania boasts a high level of biodiversity with a variety of flora and fauna. The economy is mixed, with a large agricultural sector and growing services and tourism industries. Albania is known for its unique language, rich folklore, and its hospitality towards visitors.
3. Algeria
Located in North Africa, Algeria is the largest country on the continent. Bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, and the Mediterranean Sea, it is a country of geographical diversity, with the Sahara desert in the south, the Atlas Mountains in the north, and a beautiful Mediterranean coastline. The capital, Algiers, has a rich history evident in its architecture, combining French colonial, Moorish, and Ottoman influences. Algeria’s economy is heavily reliant on petroleum and natural gas exports.
4. Andorra
Nestled in the Eastern Pyrenees mountains, Andorra is a small landlocked country bordered by Spain and France. Known for its ski resorts and duty-free shopping, Andorra’s economy is largely based on tourism. It is one of the world’s smallest sovereign states, both in terms of area and population. The capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe. Despite its small size, Andorra boasts a rich history with many well-preserved medieval churches and structures.
5. Angola
Located on the western coast of southern Africa, Angola is a country rich in natural beauty, with landscapes ranging from tropical Atlantic beaches to a labyrinth of rivers, forests, and savannas. The capital and largest city is Luanda, known for its bustling markets, colonial architecture, and vibrant music scene. Angola’s economy is among the strongest in Africa, primarily relying on its oil reserves, diamonds, and other natural resources. Despite its economic growth, the country faces significant challenges in health, education, and equality.
6. Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda is a dual-island nation in the Caribbean, known for its stunning beaches, with Antigua boasting 365 of them – one for each day of the year. The capital, St. John’s, is known for its colorful architecture and a bustling cruise port. The country’s economy is based primarily on tourism, with a growing financial services sector. It’s renowned for its vibrant culture with a rich tradition of storytelling, dance, and music, especially calypso, reggae, and steel drum bands.
7. Argentina
Argentina, located in southern South America, is the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, both in area and population. It is known for its diverse landscapes with the Andes mountains in the west, vast pampas grasslands in the center, and extensive coastlines in the east. Its capital, Buenos Aires, is famous for its bustling life, tango dance, and architecture. Argentina’s economy is one of the largest in Latin America, with strong sectors in agriculture, manufacturing, and services.
8. Armenia
Armenia is a small, mountainous country located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran, Armenia was the first country to adopt Christianity as a state religion in the early 4th century. The capital, Yerevan, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Despite its small size, Armenia boasts a rich cultural heritage with unique traditions in music, dance, and cuisine. The economy is industrialized and technologically advanced, with a large diaspora playing a significant role in its development.
9. Australia
Australia, the world’s smallest continent and the largest island, is located in Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Known for its vast outback, unique wildlife, and vibrant cities like Sydney and Melbourne, it also boasts natural wonders such as the Great Barrier Reef and Uluru. Australia is a highly developed country with a diverse and growing economy, with sectors including mining, manufacturing, and services. The indigenous Aboriginal culture, along with its British colonial past, has greatly influenced Australian history and culture.
10. Austria
Located in Central Europe, Austria is a landlocked country known for its rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes including the Alps, and historic architecture. The capital, Vienna, is renowned for its cultural events, imperial sights, coffee houses, and wine taverns. Famous Austrians include composers Mozart, Schubert, and Strauss, and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Austria has a well-developed social market economy with a high standard of living and is one of the richest countries in the world. The country is also known for its commitment to environmental sustainability.
11. Azerbaijan
Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, Azerbaijan is a country with a rich history and culture. The capital, Baku, is known for its medieval walled city, modern skyline, and being a host for international events. Azerbaijan boasts a diverse geography with a mix of mountains, forests, and coastlines along the Caspian Sea. The country is a significant oil producer, which greatly influences its economy. Azerbaijan is also famed for its music and dance traditions, particularly the symbolic dance Yalli and the Mugham music genre.
12. The Bahamas
The Bahamas, an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, is known for its crystal-clear water, beautiful beaches, and vibrant coral reefs. With tourism as the primary driver of the economy, the islands offer a multitude of recreational activities from sailing and fishing to exploring the colonial architecture in Nassau, the capital. The Bahamas have a rich history, with influences from the native Lucayan people, British colonial rule, and African heritage brought by enslaved people and reflected in Junkanoo, a colorful festival with music, dance, and elaborate costumes.
13. Bahrain
An island nation in the Persian Gulf, Bahrain is one of the smallest countries in Asia. Despite its size, it plays a crucial role in the Gulf’s economic and political affairs. Its capital, Manama, is a thriving hub of commerce and culture, with a blend of modernity and history. Bahrain’s economy is diversified, with oil, finance, and tourism being the significant sectors. Known for its pearl fisheries for centuries, Bahrain was also one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam.
14. Bangladesh
Located on the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh is the eighth-most populous country in the world. Its capital, Dhaka, is known for its vibrant urban culture and historic architecture. Despite the challenges of managing such a large population within a small landmass, Bangladesh has seen considerable economic growth, primarily driven by its textile industry. Bangladesh is also home to the Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest, and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The country has a rich cultural heritage, with influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
15. Barbados
Situated in the eastern Caribbean, Barbados is an independent island nation known for its tropical climate, beautiful beaches, and colonial history. Bridgetown, the capital, is a bustling port city with many historical sites, including a 17th-century garrison that’s a UNESCO World Heritage site. The economy is a mix of tourism, offshore banking, and manufacturing. Barbados’ culture blends West African, Caribbean, and British elements, evident in its music, dance, and national sport of cricket.
16. Belarus
Belarus, a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, is known for its Soviet-style architecture, grand fortifications, and primeval forests. The capital, Minsk, showcases many Soviet-era monuments and hosts the impressive National Art Museum. Though the country faced economic hardship following its independence from the Soviet Union, it has a strong industrial sector, producing a wide range of goods, from textiles to heavy machinery. The cultural life is rich, with numerous museums, music festivals, and theaters contributing to the national heritage.
17. Belgium
Belgium, located in Western Europe, is famed for its medieval cities, famous chocolate, and high-quality beer. The capital, Brussels, hosts the headquarters of NATO and the European Union, making it a significant hub for international politics. Belgium’s economy is diverse and innovative, with strong sectors in manufacturing, services, and information technology. The country has a rich cultural heritage, reflected in the works of famous artists like Rubens and Magritte, and its folklore and traditions, such as the Carnival of Binche.
18. Belize
Located on the eastern coast of Central America, Belize is the only country in the region with English as its official language. Known for its diverse ecosystems, Belize is home to the second largest barrier reef system globally, making it a popular destination for scuba divers and eco-tourists. The capital, Belmopan, though not as large as Belize City, is known for its welcoming community. The economy relies on agriculture, tourism, and services. The country also hosts a rich Mayan history, evident in its many ancient ruins.
19. Benin
Benin, a small, narrow country in West Africa, is known for its role in the African slave trade, as evident in the historic coastal town of Ouidah. The capital, Porto-Novo, is known for its colonial architecture, bustling markets, and vibrant culture. The economy is based on agriculture, particularly cotton, the export of petroleum, and services. Benin is rich in culture and is considered the birthplace of Vodun (or “voodoo”), an official religion and an integral part of Beninese culture and tradition.
20. Bhutan
Bhutan, a small, landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas, is known for its monasteries, fortresses, and dramatic landscapes, ranging from subtropical plains to steep mountains and valleys. The capital, Thimphu, is home to the Tashichho Dzong, a large Buddhist monastery and fortress. Bhutan’s economy is based on agriculture, forestry, and tourism. Bhutan is also notable for its unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness, measuring progress not only through economic development but also the spiritual, physical, and environmental health of its citizens.
21. Bolivia
Bolivia, located in central South America, is a country known for its diverse geography, which includes Andean peaks, the Amazon Basin rainforest, and the expansive salt flats. Its capital, La Paz, sits high in the Andes and is known for its vibrant indigenous cultures, lively markets, and nearby ancient Inca trails. The economy is based on agriculture, mining, and hydrocarbons. Bolivia is also culturally rich, with a mix of Spanish and numerous indigenous cultures, and it’s famous for its traditional Andean music.
22. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Situated in the Balkan Peninsula, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country renowned for its East-meets-West atmosphere, which blends Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian histories. Its capital, Sarajevo, exhibits this cultural fusion with its mix of churches, mosques, and synagogues. The economy is based on industries such as metals, automobile parts, and manufacturing. Despite the scars from the Bosnian War in the 1990s, the country has rebounded with increased stability and tourism.
23. Botswana
Botswana, located in Southern Africa, is a landlocked country known for its stable economy and government. Its capital, Gaborone, is one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities. The economy, one of the most robust in Africa, is dominated by mining, cattle, and tourism. Botswana is also home to diverse wildlife and stunning landscapes, including the Okavango Delta and the Kalahari Desert. Its rich cultural heritage includes the San people, one of the oldest populations in the world.
24. Brazil
Brazil, the largest country in both South America and Latin America, is known for its vibrant culture, biodiversity, and significant natural resources. Its capital, Brasília, is known for its futuristic architecture. Brazil’s economy, one of the largest in the world, is diversified and includes agriculture, industry, and a wide range of services. The country is also famous for the Amazon Rainforest, samba dance, and the yearly celebration of Carnival.
25. Brunei
Brunei, officially known as the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a small, oil-rich sultanate on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Its capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, is known for its lavish royal palace and beautiful mosques. The economy is highly dependent on the production of oil and natural gas. Despite its size, Brunei has a well-developed, high-income economy, and the country is known for its high standard of living.
26. Bulgaria
Situated in southeastern Europe, Bulgaria is known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and its yogurt and rose oil. The capital, Sofia, dates back to the 5th century BCE and offers many historical sites like the Roman-era Serdica Complex. Bulgaria’s economy centers around energy, mining, metallurgy, and agriculture. Bulgaria’s rich cultural heritage includes traditional dance, music, costumes, and rituals, influenced by its Greek, Slavic, Ottoman, and Persian histories.
27. Burkina Faso
Located in West Africa, Burkina Faso is a landlocked country known for its significant cultural contributions, particularly in music and dance. Its capital, Ouagadougou, hosts one of Africa’s most significant film festivals, FESPACO. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, with close to 80% of the population engaged in farming. Burkina Faso also hosts a vibrant arts scene, with numerous artists, musicians, and filmmakers contributing to the cultural life of the country.
28. Burundi
Burundi, a small, landlocked country located in East Africa, is known for its hilly landscape, earning it the title of “Heart of Africa.” Its capital, Gitega, is the country’s cultural heart with several museums and the Gitega Royal Palace. Agriculture, particularly coffee and tea, drives the Burundian economy. Despite a history of political unrest, Burundi has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional drumming of the royal drummers recognized as a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO.
29. Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)
An island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean, Cape Verde is known for its Creole Portuguese-African culture, gorgeous beaches, and vibrant music scene. Its capital, Praia, is a bustling city with colorful markets. The economy depends on service industries, remittances from citizens working overseas, and a growing tourism sector. Cape Verde’s music, particularly morna, and its carnivals are famous worldwide.
30. Cambodia
Located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia, Cambodia is known for its fascinating history, particularly the ancient temple city of Angkor Wat. Its capital, Phnom Penh, is the nation’s economic, industrial, and cultural center. The economy is diverse, with growth in the textiles, agriculture, construction, garments, and tourism sectors. Despite its troubled history, Cambodian culture, influenced by India and China, remains strong and is reflected in its dance, music, and cuisine.
31. Cameroon
Located in Central Africa, Cameroon is often referred to as “Africa in miniature” for its geological and cultural diversity. Its capital, Yaoundé, and largest city, Douala, are among the most populous in the country. The economy is well-diversified, ranging from oil and gas to textiles, agriculture, and forestry. Cameroon’s cultural life is equally varied, featuring over 200 ethnic groups and languages, and a rich tradition of music, dance, and cuisine.
32. Canada
The second-largest country by land area, Canada is known for its vast wilderness and multicultural cities. Ottawa, the capital, is known for its Victorian architecture and museums, while other major cities include multicultural Toronto, French-speaking Montreal, and coastal Vancouver. With an advanced economy, Canada is one of the wealthiest in the world and has abundant natural resources. It also boasts a vibrant arts scene, from literature and theater to music and visual arts.
33. Central African Republic (CAR)
Located in Central Africa, the CAR is rich in diamonds, gold, oil, and uranium, but it remains one of the world’s poorest countries due to political instability and lack of infrastructure. Its capital, Bangui, is its economic and cultural hub. Subsistence agriculture dominates the economy. The country also boasts a unique cultural blend of Sudanic Africa, Chad Basin, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, reflected in its music, dance, and visual arts.
34. Chad
Located in north-central Africa, Chad is known for its diverse cultural heritage and its stunning desert, mountain landscapes, and Lake Chad. N’Djamena, the capital, is the largest city and the economic center. Chad’s economy relies heavily on its oil sector, followed by agriculture. The cultural life is rich with over 100 distinct ethnic groups, each with its language, traditions, and rituals, contributing to the vibrant music, dance, and art scene.
35. Chile
Running along the western edge of South America, Chile is known for its diverse landscapes, from the Andes mountains to the Atacama Desert. Santiago, the capital, is a cosmopolitan city with a mix of colonial and modern architecture. Chile boasts a strong, high-income economy, driven by copper mining and agriculture. Chilean culture is a mix of Spanish colonial and indigenous Mapuche influences, which are reflected in the country’s music, literature, and cuisine.
36. China
As the world’s most populous country, China is known for its significant cultural contributions over centuries. Its capital, Beijing, is a bustling metropolis and home to iconic landmarks like the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. China has one of the world’s largest economies, driven by manufacturing and exports. Its culture, with Confucian roots, places high value on education and family. China is also known for its innovative technology sector, diverse cuisine, and influential martial arts.
37. Colombia
Colombia, located at the northern tip of South America, is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from tropical rainforests and coastline to towering mountains and coffee plantations. Its capital, Bogota, is a high-altitude city known for its colonial architecture and vibrant arts scene. The Colombian economy is primarily export-oriented, with commodities like coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil forming the bulk. Colombian culture reflects influences from its various indigenous, Spanish colonial, African, and immigrant cultures.
38. Comoros
A small archipelago off Africa’s east coast, the Comoros is known for its stunning beaches, active volcanoes, and biodiversity. Moroni, its capital, is a beautiful city with a mix of Arab, Persian, French, and Portuguese influences. The economy is largely based on agriculture, fishing, and remittances from overseas. The culture here is a unique blend of Swahili and Arab influences, seen in Comoran music, dance, and cuisine.
39. Democratic Republic of the Congo:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in Central Africa, is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa. Kinshasa, its capital, is a bustling metropolis with a vibrant music scene. The country has a wealth of natural resources but has faced political and social instability. The economy is heavily reliant on mining. The DRC is culturally diverse, with over 200 ethnic groups, each contributing its music, dance, and art to the cultural tapestry.
40. Republic of the Congo:
The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, is in Central Africa. Brazzaville, its capital, is located across the Congo River from Kinshasa. The economy relies on oil production, forestry, and agriculture. Congo-Brazzaville’s culture draws from a mix of Bantu ethnic groups, with French influences seen in its literature and education system.
41. Costa Rica
Known for its rich biodiversity, Costa Rica is located in Central America. San José, its capital, is renowned for its vibrant cultural scene and Spanish colonial architecture. Costa Rica’s economy is driven by tourism, agriculture, and electronic exports. Its “Pura Vida” lifestyle, highlighting a relaxed, simple approach to life, is a significant cultural aspect.
42. Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Located in West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire is known for its diverse cultures and music, like the popular dance style coupé-décalé. The economy is largely market-based and relies heavily on agriculture, with cocoa being the key export. The capital, Yamoussoukro, features the largest Christian church globally—Basilica of Our Lady of Peace.
43. Croatia
Croatia is located in Central and Southeast Europe, along the Adriatic Sea. Its capital, Zagreb, is distinguished by its 18th- and 19th-century Austro-Hungarian architecture. Known for its stunning coastline, historic sites, and vibrant cities, Croatia has a strong tourism sector. Its culture is influenced by various historical periods, from Roman and Venetian to Austrian and Hungarian.
44. Cuba
An island country in the Caribbean, Cuba is known for its cultural heritage influenced by various cultures, from native Taino and Ciboney peoples to Spanish colonialism and Afro-Caribbean rhythms. Havana, its capital, is famed for its pastel houses, 1950s-era cars, and Spanish colonial architecture. Despite economic challenges, Cuba has high standards of healthcare and education.
45. Cyprus
Located in the Eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus is known for its rich archaeological sites, beautiful beaches, and a cuisine that combines Greek, Turkish, and Middle Eastern influences. The capital, Nicosia, is characterized by its Venetian walls and medieval architecture. Its economy is primarily based on services, including finance and tourism.
46. Czech Republic (Czechia)
Located in Central Europe, the Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is renowned for its long history, beautiful cities, and strong tradition in arts and sciences. Prague, its capital, boasts a stunning old town with a centuries-old castle and a charming, medieval Astronomical Clock. The economy is highly industrialized, with a focus on automobiles, machine engineering, and chemistry. The Czech culture and lifestyle are greatly influenced by its historical periods, most notably the Baroque era.
47. Denmark
Denmark, the southernmost Nordic country, is known for its high standard of living, innovative design, and a balance between modern urban life and rich historical culture. Copenhagen, its capital, is famed for its royal palaces, colorful Nyhavn harbor, and the iconic “Little Mermaid” statue. The economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and a comfortable standard of living. Danish culture has also been influenced by its location between continental Europe and the Nordic countries.
48. Djibouti
Located on the Horn of Africa, Djibouti is a small country known for its strategic location near some of the world’s busiest shipping lanes. Djibouti City, the capital, is a major port and serves as a key refueling and transshipment center. The economy is service-based, with a large portion engaged in port-related activities. Despite its size, Djibouti is culturally diverse, with two main ethnic groups, the Afar and Somali, and influence from its French colonial history.
49. Dominica
Not to be confused with the Dominican Republic, Dominica is an island country in the Caribbean known for its lush mountainous rainforests, hot springs, and unique Creole culture. Roseau, its capital, displays a mix of modern and colonial architecture. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, with bananas as the primary export, and increasingly, tourism. The culture is heavily influenced by the African roots of the majority of its citizens, along with French colonial history.
50. Dominican Republic
Sharing the island of Hispaniola with Haiti, the Dominican Republic is known for its beautiful beaches, all-inclusive resorts, and golfing. Santo Domingo, the capital, features Spanish colonial landmarks and well-preserved 16th-century architecture. The economy is the second-largest in the Caribbean and Central American region, with services, manufacturing, and agriculture as key sectors. Dominican culture is a mix of Taino, Spanish, and African influences, with merengue and bachata as its most emblematic music and dance styles.
51. East Timor (Timor-Leste)
East Timor, or Timor-Leste, is a Southeast Asian nation occupying half the island of Timor. Known for its rich biodiversity, it has mountains to the north and coral reefs to the south. Dili, the capital, is known for its waterfront monument Cristo Rei of Dili. The economy depends on oil and gas reserves, coffee, and remittances from overseas workers. East Timor’s culture is a mix of Austronesian, Melanesian, Indonesian, Portuguese, and Catholic influences.
52. Ecuador
Straddling the equator on South America’s west coast, Ecuador is known for its diverse landscapes, from Andes highlands to Amazon jungle and Galapagos Islands. Quito, the capital, is famous for its preserved colonial center. The economy relies heavily on petroleum, agriculture, and the service sector. Ecuador’s culture reflects a mix of indigenous, Afro-Ecuadorian, and European influences, especially visible in its music, food, and festivals.
53. Egypt
Located in northeast Africa, Egypt is famed for its ancient civilization and some of the world’s most iconic monuments, including the Giza pyramids, the Great Sphinx, and the ancient cities of Luxor and Alexandria. Cairo, the capital, is Africa’s largest city and home to Ottoman landmarks. Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East. Egyptian culture is a mix of ancient traditions, Arab customs, and modern elements.
54. El Salvador
The smallest and most densely populated country in Central America, El Salvador is known for its Pacific Ocean beaches, surfing, and Mayan ruins. San Salvador, the capital, features the grand Metropolitan Cathedral and the National Theater. The economy depends on services, manufacturing, and agriculture. El Salvador’s culture is a blend of indigenous Pipil and Spanish influences with a rich tradition in music, dance, and food.
55. Equatorial Guinea
Located on the west coast of Central Africa, Equatorial Guinea comprises a mainland portion and five inhabited islands. Malabo, the capital, is situated on Bioko island and known for Spanish colonial architecture. Oil reserves discovered in the 1990s have significantly boosted the economy, making it one of the richest per capita in Africa, albeit with a large wealth gap. The culture is a blend of native Fang tribe traditions, Spanish customs, and modern elements.
56. Eritrea
Situated along the Red Sea in East Africa, Eritrea is known for its diverse landscape that includes coastal plains, mountain ranges, and arid desert. Asmara, the capital, is famed for its well-preserved Italian modernist architecture. The economy relies on subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of the population involved in farming and herding. Eritrean culture is a vibrant mix of its nine ethnic groups, and the influence of its Italian colonial past.
57. Estonia
Located in Northern Europe, Estonia is known for its diverse landscapes, digital innovation, and rich cultural heritage. Tallinn, the capital, boasts a beautifully preserved medieval old town. Estonia’s advanced economy thrives on IT, telecommunications, and manufacturing sectors. The culture is influenced by its history of Scandinavian, German, and Russian rule, with unique traditions, such as the Song and Dance Celebration, listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.
58. Eswatini (Swaziland)
Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a small, landlocked monarchy in southern Africa known for its wilderness reserves and festivals. Mbabane is the capital, but the country’s cultural heart is Lobamba, where Swazi cultural events take place. The economy is diverse, with agriculture, forestry, mining, and textile manufacturing being important. The Swazi people maintain strong cultural traditions, manifest in the famed annual Reed Dance and Incwala ceremonies.
59. Ethiopia
Located in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is a cradle of human civilization known for its ancient Orthodox Christian culture, rock-hewn churches, and diverse ethnic groups. Addis Ababa, the capital, is a bustling hub where tradition meets modernity. The economy is largely based on agriculture but is diversifying into manufacturing and service sectors. Ethiopian culture, featuring a unique script (Ge’ez) and a calendar with 13 months, is a blend of various ethnic groups.
60. Fiji
An island country in Melanesia, part of the South Pacific, Fiji is known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and diverse culture. Suva, the capital, is a vibrant multicultural city with British colonial architecture. The economy is based on tourism, followed by agriculture, mining, and forestry. Fijian culture is a rich blend of indigenous, Indo-Fijian, Asian, and European influences, manifest in its food, music, dance, and language.
61. Finland
Known for its thousands of lakes, northern lights, and the midnight sun, Finland is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. Helsinki, its capital, features a mix of neoclassical and modernist architecture. With a highly industrialized, mixed economy, Finland is one of the world’s leaders in technology and education sectors. Finnish culture, influenced by Germanic, Swedish, and Russian traditions, is renowned for its sauna culture, unique language, and the iconic Moomins.
62. France
France, located in Western Europe, is known worldwide for its rich history, culture, and contributions to art, science, and philosophy. Paris, its capital, is famed for its fashion, art museums, and landmarks like the Eiffel Tower. With one of the world’s largest economies, France is a leader in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, luxury goods, and wine production. French culture, with its considerable influence on the world, is noted for its gastronomy, fashion, and the “art de vivre.”
63. Gabon
Located on the equator in West-Central Africa, Gabon is known for its rich wildlife, national parks, and oil reserves. Libreville, the capital, blends modern buildings, colonial architecture, and traditional markets. The economy is heavily reliant on oil, manganese mining, and timber. Gabonese culture is a vibrant mix of indigenous, French, and modern influences.
64. Gambia
The smallest country in mainland Africa, Gambia is known for its diverse ecosystems, abundant wildlife, and the Gambia River that flows through its center. Banjul, the capital, and the surrounding area are known for their beautiful beaches. The economy relies heavily on farming, fishing, and tourism. Gambian culture is a fusion of diverse ethnic groups, each with its own language and traditions.
65. Georgia
Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, Georgia is known for its diverse landscapes, ancient history, and for being the birthplace of wine. Tbilisi, its capital, offers a mix of medieval, classical, and Soviet structures. The economy is centered around agriculture, mining, and a growing tourism industry. Georgian culture is renowned for its traditions, wine-making methods, polyphonic music, and the unique Georgian alphabet.
66. Germany
Located in Central Europe, Germany is known for its long and influential history in areas ranging from arts to science. Berlin, the capital, is home to a vibrant culture, iconic landmarks, and extensive history. As the largest economy in Europe and one of the largest in the world, Germany excels in several types of industries, including automotive and engineering. German culture is known for its contributions to literature, philosophy, art, music, and science.
67. Ghana
Located in West Africa, Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule. Known for its rich history, including the Ashanti Empire and ancient trade routes, Ghana has a diverse culture and significant natural beauty. Accra, its capital, blends modern buildings with historic sites. The economy is mixed and led by services, agriculture, mining, and oil production. Ghanaian culture features diverse ethnic groups, languages, cloth (kente), and music (highlife).
68. Greece
In southeastern Europe, Greece is widely known as the cradle of Western civilization and democracy, with a history dating back to ancient times. Athens, the capital, is home to famous landmarks like the Acropolis. The Greek economy is primarily service-oriented, with tourism being a major sector. Greek culture has significantly influenced the world through its philosophy, arts, politics, language, and sports concepts.
69. Grenada
A Caribbean country, Grenada comprises a main island, also called Grenada, and smaller surrounding islands. Known as the “Spice Isle” for its production of nutmeg and mace, Grenada is also famous for its beautiful beaches. St. George’s, the capital, is widely regarded as the prettiest city in the Caribbean. The economy is focused on tourism, agriculture, and small-scale manufacturing. Grenadian culture is a blend of French and African influences, evident in its cuisine, music, and festivals.
70. Guatemala
In Central America, Guatemala is known for its rich and distinctive culture from the long mix of elements from Spain and the native Maya people. Guatemala City, the capital, is a mix of modern buildings, colonial architecture, and indigenous heritage sites. The economy is dominated by the private sector, which generates about 85% of GDP, particularly in agriculture and manufacturing. Guatemalan culture is heavily influenced by its Mayan and Spanish colonial past.
71. Guinea
Located on the western coast of Africa, Guinea is known for its rich biodiversity and significant reserves of bauxite, gold, diamonds, and iron ore. Conakry, the capital, is a vibrant city with a blend of modern and traditional elements. Despite being rich in natural resources, the country’s economy is largely agriculture-based. Guinean culture is diverse, reflecting the traditions of its many ethnic groups, including the Fula, Mandinka, and Susu.
72. Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau, a small country in West Africa, is known for its national parks, wildlife, and Portuguese colonial-era architecture. Bissau, the capital, is a port city with a vibrant market life. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, with cashew nuts being the main export. The culture of Guinea-Bissau is a rich blend of Portuguese influence and African traditions, especially visible in its music genres like Gumbe and Tinga.
73. Guyana
Located on South America’s North Atlantic coast, Guyana is the continent’s only English-speaking country. Known for its dense rainforest, rich biodiversity, and British colonial architecture, Georgetown, its capital, is famous for the 19th-century St. George’s Cathedral. The economy is based on agriculture, mining (particularly gold and bauxite), and offshore oil reserves. Guyanese culture is a fusion of African, Indian, Amerindian, British, Portuguese, Chinese, and Dutch influences.
74. Haiti
Situated on Hispaniola Island in the Caribbean, Haiti is known for its compelling history—being the world’s first black-led republic and the first to break free from colonial rule. Port-au-Prince, the capital, offers a mix of Haitian culture, history, and arts. The economy is largely informal, with agriculture employing the majority of the workforce. Haitian culture is a unique blend of African, Taino, and French influences, seen in its Creole language, music (like Kompa), and national cuisine.
75. Honduras
Located in Central America, Honduras is known for its rich natural resources, including minerals, tropical fruit, and sugar cane, as well as for its growing textiles industry. Tegucigalpa, the capital, sits in a valley surrounded by mountains. The economy is based on agriculture, primarily bananas and coffee. Honduran culture is a blend of indigenous Lenca, Spanish, and African influences, especially evident in the nation’s music, cuisine, and festivals.
76. Hungary
Located in Central Europe, Hungary is known for its rich history, beautiful landscapes, thermal water system, and significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science, and technology. Budapest, the capital, is famed for its dramatic cityscape along the Danube, with architectural landmarks like the neo-Gothic Parliament, Buda Castle, and the Chain Bridge. The economy is diverse and industrialized, with a focus on foreign trade. Hungarian culture is unique, rich in folk traditions, music (like the famous csárdás), and cuisine (including the renowned goulash).
77. Iceland
Situated in the North Atlantic, Iceland is renowned for its stunning landscapes with volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, lava fields, and massive glaciers. Reykjavik, the capital, is home to a vast majority of the population and is the heart of Iceland’s cultural and economic activity. Known for its strong welfare system and renewable energy production, Iceland has a mixed economy based on sectors including fishing, tourism, renewable energy, and manufacturing. Icelandic culture has its roots in Norse traditions, and the country’s unique literature is internationally recognized.
78. India
In South Asia, India is the world’s seventh-largest country by land area and the second-most populous. Known for its rich history, diverse culture, and contributions to mathematics, literature, and science, India is a country of contrasts. New Delhi, the capital, boasts both sprawling, historical monuments and modern infrastructure. The economy is mixed, with agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. Indian culture, known for its philosophical depth, is rich in traditions, arts, music, and cuisine, and varies greatly across regions.
79. Indonesia
As the world’s largest archipelagic state in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is known for its cultural diversity, beautiful landscapes, and biodiversity. Jakarta, the capital, is one of the most populous urban areas globally. With an economy where agriculture, resource extraction, manufacturing, and services play significant roles, Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia. Indonesian culture varies dramatically across its thousands of islands, with over 300 ethnic groups, each with unique traditions and languages.
80. Iran
Located in Western Asia, Iran has a diverse landscape and one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Tehran, the capital, is known for its bustling markets and striking architecture. The economy, marked by a large public sector, is dominated by oil and gas production. Iranian culture, with a history of art, philosophy, literature, and music, has profoundly influenced cultures across Europe and Asia.
81. Iraq
Located in Western Asia, Iraq is known for its rich history, as the center of the ancient Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires. Baghdad, its capital, was the center of the Islamic Golden Age during the Abbasid Caliphate. Iraq’s economy is largely dependent on the oil sector. The culture of Iraq is a blend of Arab, Persian, Kurdish, and Assyrian influences, seen in its music, cuisine, and literature.
82. Ireland
Known for its lush landscapes, rich traditions, and historic sites, Ireland is an island nation located to the west of Great Britain. Dublin, its capital, is famous for its historic landmarks and vibrant cultural life. The Irish economy is one of the fastest-growing in the Eurozone, driven by sectors such as pharmaceuticals, technology, and services. Irish culture is rich in folklore, music (including the globally recognized Irish dance), and Gaelic games.
83. Israel
Located in the Middle East, Israel is known for its historic religious significance and diverse landscapes. Jerusalem, one of the oldest cities in the world, is the proclaimed capital, while the economic hub lies in Tel Aviv. Known as the start-up nation, Israel has a technologically advanced market economy. Israeli culture is a melting pot of Jewish traditions, Mediterranean influences, and the heritage of the many immigrant communities.
84. Italy
Situated in southern Europe, Italy is renowned for its rich history, artistic treasures, old-world charm, and culinary delights. Rome, the capital, is home to the Vatican as well as numerous ancient sites. Italy’s advanced economy is diversified, with a well-developed manufacturing sector, renowned fashion and automotive industries, and a robust agricultural sector. Italian culture has significantly influenced the world, particularly in the fields of architecture, painting, opera, cinema, design, and cuisine.
85. Jamaica
Located in the Caribbean, Jamaica is famous for its stunning beaches, crystal clear waters, vibrant culture, and reggae music. Kingston, its capital, is known for its music scene and cultural attractions. The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, with tourism as the most significant sector. Jamaican culture is a blend of African, Indigenous, Asian, European influences, reflected in its music (reggae, ska, dancehall), food, and dialect.
86. Japan
Located in East Asia, Japan is an island nation known for its blend of traditional and modern culture, technological advancements, and diverse landscapes ranging from mountains to beaches. Tokyo, its capital, is a bustling metropolis known for its skyscrapers, pop culture, and cuisine. Japan has a highly developed and diversified economy with leading industries in motor vehicles, electronics, and machinery. Japanese culture is rich and varied, with notable contributions to art, cuisine, music, and cinema.
87. Jordan
Located in the Middle East, Jordan is known for its ancient historical sites, including the famous archaeological site of Petra. Amman, its capital, is a modern city with remnants of ancient civilizations. The economy is relatively small and depends heavily on foreign aid, tourism, and remittances from citizens working abroad. Jordanian culture is a blend of traditional Arab heritage and modern influences, reflecting in its music, literature, and culinary art.
88. Kazakhstan
Located in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is the world’s largest landlocked country, known for its diverse landscapes, including vast steppes, rugged mountains, and pristine lakes. Nur-Sultan, its capital, is characterized by its futuristic architecture. The economy, the largest in Central Asia, relies heavily on its vast natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals. Kazakh culture blends Turkic traditions with influences from Persia, Mongolia, and Russia, visible in its music, cuisine, and language.
89. Kenya
Situated in East Africa, Kenya is famous for its scenic landscapes, wildlife reserves, and rich cultural heritage. Nairobi, its capital, is a vibrant city with a mix of cultures and traditions. The economy is the largest in eastern and central Africa, with agriculture being the dominant sector. Kenyan culture is diverse, with a fusion of traditions from its 40 different ethnic groups, each contributing to the country’s music, art, dance, and cuisine.
90. Kiribati
Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean, is known for its white sandy beaches, rich marine life, and cultural heritage. South Tarawa, the capital, is a bustling center on a series of islets. The economy depends on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and remittances from overseas. Kiribati culture, though influenced by Western and other Pacific island nations, maintains its unique traditions, music, dance, and handicrafts.
91. Kuwait Located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, Kuwait is known for its oil reserves, which drive one of the richest economies in the world per capita. Kuwait City, the capital, blends modern architecture with historic sites. Kuwaiti culture combines Arabian and Persian influences, with unique traditions in music, cuisine, and art.
92. Kyrgyzstan In Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country renowned for its mountainous terrain, nomadic culture, and felt-making tradition. Bishkek, its capital, showcases a mix of modern buildings and Soviet-era architecture. Agriculture and mining dominate its economy, and its culture, strongly influenced by Turkic practices, is famous for epics like the Manas.
93. Laos A Southeast Asian country, Laos is known for its mountainous terrain, Buddhist monasteries, and diverse hill tribes. Vientiane, the capital, features French colonial architecture and iconic Buddhist sites. The economy is rapidly growing, with increased foreign investment, yet agriculture remains a significant sector. Lao culture is strongly linked to Theravada Buddhism, visible in its architecture, festivals, and traditional music and dance.
94. Latvia A Baltic state in Northern Europe, Latvia is known for its diverse culture, scenic beauty, and historical architecture. Riga, the capital, is famous for its Art Nouveau buildings and medieval old town. The economy is diverse, focusing on sectors like services, industry, and agriculture. Latvian culture reflects a mix of East and West, with unique traditions in music, dance, and visual arts.
95. Lebanon Located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and vibrant nightlife. Beirut, its capital, is a vibrant city with a mix of different architectural styles. The economy is service-oriented, focusing on banking and tourism. Lebanese culture is a blend of Arab, Phoenician, Armenian, and French influences, visible in its cuisine, literature, and music.
96. Lesotho A high-altitude, landlocked kingdom encircled by South Africa, Lesotho is known for its mountainous topography and a strong cultural identity. Maseru, its capital, is an epicenter of traditional and modern culture. The economy relies on agriculture, livestock, manufacturing, and remittances from workers abroad. Lesotho’s culture, rooted in the Basotho people, manifests in music, dance, art, and the celebrated Sotho blanket.
97. Liberia Located on the West African coast, Liberia is known for its history as a colony for liberated American slaves, unique in Africa. Monrovia, its capital, has a bustling market and vibrant cultural scene. The economy is highly dependent on agriculture, mining, and foreign aid. Liberian culture is a blend of the indigenous tribes and Americo-Liberian influences, seen in its music, festivals, and food.
98. Libya Situated in North Africa, Libya is known for its vast desert, oil resources, and ancient Greek and Roman ruins. Tripoli, its capital, showcases a mix of Mediterranean and North African influences. The economy is primarily dependent on the oil sector. Libyan culture combines Arab, Berber, and African elements, reflected in its cuisine, music, and festivals.
99. Liechtenstein Nestled between Switzerland and Austria, Liechtenstein is one of the world’s smallest and richest nations. Vaduz, the capital, is known for its modern art museum and medieval castle. The economy is highly industrialized, with a focus on financial services. Liechtenstein’s culture is influenced by its Alemannic roots, seen in its festivals, music, and food.
100. Lithuania Located in the Baltic region of Europe, Lithuania is known for its historical monuments, scenic beauty, and vibrant culture. Vilnius, its capital, boasts a UNESCO-listed old town. The economy is driven by the services sector, manufacturing, and agriculture. Lithuanian culture is rich in folklore, music, and visual arts, with a unique language that’s among the oldest surviving in the world.
101. Luxembourg A small landlocked nation in Western Europe, Luxembourg is known for its wealth, high living standards, and influence in European politics despite its size. Luxembourg City, its capital, is famed for its fortified medieval old town. Its economy is highly developed and reliant on banking, insurance, and steel industry. Luxembourgish culture is a blend of Roman and Germanic Europe, maintaining many of its folk traditions, alongside French and German influences.
102. Madagascar Located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa, Madagascar is known for its unique wildlife, stunning landscapes, and vanilla production. Antananarivo, the capital, is a bustling city situated in the highlands. The economy is based largely on agriculture, textiles, and mining. Malagasy culture is diverse, reflecting Southeast Asian, African, Arab, and European influences.
103. Malawi Located in Southeast Africa, Malawi is known as “The Warm Heart of Africa” due to the friendliness of its people. Lilongwe, the capital, is a bustling city with a mix of traditional and modern Africa. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture. Malawian culture is diverse, with influence from Bantu tribes, reflected in various traditional dances, music, and arts.
104. Malaysia Located in Southeast Asia, Malaysia is known for its diverse culture, vibrant cities, and natural beauty. Kuala Lumpur, the capital, boasts iconic landmarks like the Petronas Twin Towers. The economy is diverse, with strong manufacturing, services, and agricultural sectors. Malaysian culture reflects Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous influences, resulting in a vibrant mix of traditions, festivals, and cuisines.
105. Maldives Situated in the Indian Ocean, the Maldives is a tropical paradise known for its white sandy beaches, crystal-clear waters, and rich marine biodiversity. Malé, the capital, is a densely populated city known for historic mosques and colorful buildings. The economy relies heavily on tourism. Maldivian culture is a blend of Sinhalese, Indian, Arab, and North African influences, evident in its language, music, and cuisine.
106. Mali A West African country, Mali is known for its rich historical sites, including Timbuktu’s ancient scholarly legacy, and its vibrant music scene. Bamako, the capital, is a bustling city with a blend of modern and traditional life. The economy relies on agriculture and mining. Malian culture is strongly influenced by its diverse ethnic groups, each with its unique music, dance, and folklore traditions.
107. Malta Located in the Mediterranean, Malta is an archipelago known for its historic sites related to a succession of rulers including Romans, Moors, Knights of Saint John, French, and British. Valletta, its capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The economy is diversified, focusing on tourism, manufacturing, and financial services. Maltese culture reflects a blend of influences from its occupiers, seen in its language, architecture, and cuisine.
108. Marshall Islands Situated in the Pacific Ocean, the Marshall Islands is an island country known for its beautiful atolls and rich marine life. Majuro, the capital, is a large coral atoll. The economy relies on agriculture, fishing, and aid from the US. Marshallese culture, influenced by Micronesian traditions, revolves around the sea, and it’s manifested in their music, dance, and navigation skills.
109. Mauritania Located in West Africa, Mauritania is known for its extensive desert landscapes and Atlantic coastline. Nouakchott, the capital, is a hub of economic and cultural activities. The economy is based on natural resources, agriculture, livestock, and oil. Mauritanian culture reflects a blend of Arab and African influences, seen in its music, cuisine, and traditional tent living.
110. Mauritius An island nation in the Indian Ocean, Mauritius is known for its stunning beaches, lagoons, and reefs. Port Louis, the capital, blends modernity with cultural diversity. The economy is diversified into sectors like textiles, sugar, tourism, and financial services. Mauritian culture is a melting pot of Indian, African, Chinese, and French influences, reflected in its language, cuisine, and festivals.
111. Mexico Located in the southern part of North America, Mexico is known for its diverse landscapes, rich history, and colorful culture. Mexico City, the capital, is one of the most populous cities in the world, offering everything from ancient ruins to modern architecture. The economy is the 15th largest in the world, with a mix of modern and traditional industries. Mexican culture, a blend of indigenous and Spanish influences, is globally recognized for its food, music, and festivals.
112. Micronesia (Federated States of) Located in the western Pacific Ocean, Micronesia is a country spread across hundreds of small islands known for its stunning coral reefs. Palikir, the capital, is located on Pohnpei Island. The economy relies on agriculture, fishing, and US aid. Micronesian culture is diverse with each of the country’s four main islands groups having distinct customs, traditions, and languages.
113. Moldova Situated between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova is known for its vineyards and wine culture. Chișinău, its capital, features Soviet-style architecture and several parks. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, particularly wine production. Moldovan culture is influenced by Romanian, Russian, and Ottoman traditions, seen in its cuisine, music, and holidays.
114. Monaco Located on the French Riviera, Monaco is a tiny city-state known for its upscale casinos, yacht-lined harbor, and prestigious Grand Prix motor race. Monte Carlo, its major district, is home to elegant Belle Époque casinos and the Salle Garnier opera house. The economy is driven by tourism and banking. Monacan culture reflects French and Italian influences, evident in its architecture, fashion, and cuisine.
115. Mongolia Landlocked between China and Russia, Mongolia is known for its vast, rugged expanses and nomadic culture. Ulaanbaatar, the capital, is a mix of traditional and 21st-century lifestyles. The economy is centered on agriculture and mining. Mongolian culture, rooted in nomadic traditions, is renowned for throat singing, horse riding, wrestling, and the Ger (Yurt) lifestyle.
116. Montenegro Located in Southeast Europe, Montenegro is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from rugged mountains to a narrow strip of beaches along its Adriatic coastline. Podgorica, its capital, offers a mix of modern and old architecture. The economy is based on services, including tourism. Montenegrin culture blends Eastern Orthodox, Slavic, Central European, and Adriatic influences, noticeable in its cuisine, music, and language.
117. Morocco Located in North Africa, Morocco is known for its diverse geography, including Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, the Atlas Mountains, and the Sahara Desert. Rabat, its capital, reflects the country’s cultural blend with its Islamic and French-colonial heritage. The economy is considered versatile and liberal, with agriculture, phosphates, textiles, and tourism playing vital roles. Moroccan culture is a vibrant mix of Berber, Arab, French, and other influences.
118. Mozambique Located in Southeast Africa, Mozambique is known for its diverse wildlife, scenic beauty, and long Indian Ocean coastline. Maputo, the capital, is noted for its Portuguese-inspired cuisine and music, colonial architecture, and vibrant cultural scene. The economy relies on agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. Mozambican culture reflects indigenous, Arabic, and Portuguese influences, especially in music, dance, and cuisine.
119. Myanmar (Burma) Located in Southeast Asia, Myanmar is known for its lush landscapes, numerous ethnic groups, and Buddhist architecture. Naypyidaw, its capital, is known for its impressive parliamentary buildings and wide boulevards. The economy is one of the fastest growing in the world, based on agriculture, natural resources, and tourism. Burmese culture is heavily influenced by Buddhism, visible in its literature, music, and traditional festivals.
120. Namibia Located in Southwest Africa, Namibia is known for its stunning desert landscapes, especially the Namib and Kalahari deserts. Windhoek, the capital, is home to German colonial-era buildings. The economy is dependent on mining and agriculture. Namibian culture is diverse, with influence from Bantu, San, Damara, German, and Afrikaner cultures, manifested in its languages, arts, and music.
121. Nauru The third smallest country by land, Nauru is a tiny island country in Micronesia, northeastern Pacific Ocean. Known for its phosphate rock mining, birdlife, and surrounding coral reefs. Yaren, often deemed as its capital, is where government offices are located. The economy is heavily dependent on phosphate deposits. Nauruan culture, while heavily influenced by Western and Micronesian cultures, retains distinct traditions and customs.
122. Nepal Nestled in the Himalayas between China and India, Nepal is famed for its temples, historical architecture, and as the home of Mount Everest. Kathmandu, its vibrant capital, is a blend of historic sites and modern development. The economy relies on agriculture, remittances, and tourism, particularly from trekking and mountaineering. Nepali culture is a complex mix of indigenous, Indian, and Tibetan influences.
123. Netherlands Located in northwestern Europe, the Netherlands is known for its flat landscape, tulip fields, windmills, and cycling routes. Amsterdam, its capital, is famed for its artistic heritage, canals, and narrow houses. The Dutch economy, one of the world’s top 20, excels in sectors like banking, engineering, and shipping. Dutch culture is characterized by its openness, directness, and egalitarianism.
124. New Zealand Located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is known for its stunning landscapes, Maori culture, and as the filming location for the “Lord of the Rings” series. Wellington, its capital, features a stunning waterfront and vibrant arts scene. The economy is dependent on international trade, particularly in agriculture. New Zealand culture is a mix of Maori, Pacific, European, and Asian influences.
125. Nicaragua Located in Central America, Nicaragua is known for its dramatic terrain of lakes, volcanoes, and beaches. Managua, its capital, hosts notable landmarks, many of which are dedicated to the nation’s revolutionary history. The economy relies on agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Nicaraguan culture reflects Spanish and indigenous influences, particularly in its music, cuisine, and literature.
126. Niger Located in West Africa, Niger is known for its vast deserts and the historic city of Agadez. Niamey, the capital, sits on the Niger River. The economy is largely based on subsistence crops, livestock, and uranium mining. Nigerien culture is diverse, reflecting the traditions of its various ethnic groups.
127. Nigeria Located in West Africa, Nigeria is the most populous African nation, known for its oil wealth, diverse culture, music, and film industry, known as Nollywood. Abuja, the capital, is a planned city with striking architecture. The economy, one of the largest in Africa, is driven by oil exports. Nigerian culture is a blend of its many ethnic groups, resulting in diverse music, art, and cuisine.
128. North Macedonia Located in the Balkan Peninsula, North Macedonia is known for its rich history, mountainous terrain, and lakes. Skopje, the capital, is recognized for its mix of Ottoman and European architecture. The economy is closely linked to Europe and is largely based on services and industry. North Macedonian culture reflects Greek, Roman, Ottoman, and Yugoslav influences.
129. Norway Located on the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway is known for its fjords, northern lights, and high standard of living. Oslo, the capital, is a cosmopolitan city with an eclectic architectural mix. The economy, one of the wealthiest in the world, is driven by oil and gas exports. Norwegian culture features elements of Norse heritage, Sami people, and modern Scandinavian influences.
130. Oman Located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, Oman is known for its desert terrain, stunning oases, and maritime history. Muscat, its capital, features a mix of ancient and modern architecture. The economy relies on oil exports, with diversification efforts ongoing. Omani culture, deeply rooted in the Islamic traditions, features Bedouin values and Persian influences.
131. Pakistan Located in South Asia, Pakistan is known for its diverse cultures, languages and landscapes, from Arabian Sea beaches to the Himalayan peaks. Islamabad, its capital, is known for its high standard of living, safety, and abundant greenery. The economy, one of the largest in South Asia, is semi-industrialized, with a well-integrated agriculture sector. Pakistani culture is a blend of indigenous, Persian, Arab, and Indian influences.
132. Palau An archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean, Palau is known for its exceptional marine life, diving sites, and the Rock Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Ngerulmud, its capital, is located on the island of Babeldaob, the country’s most populous island. The economy relies heavily on tourism, fishing, and subsistence agriculture. Palauan culture is part of the wider Micronesian culture, with complex matrilineal clans influencing social organization and resource allocation.
133. Palestine Located in the Eastern Mediterranean, Palestine, also known as the State of Palestine, is known for its rich history and as a place of significance for many major world religions. Ramallah serves as the administrative capital. The economy is heavily dependent on international aid, with agriculture playing a significant role. Palestinian culture is a blend of Eastern Mediterranean influences, reflected in its food, music, and literature.
134. Panama Located in Central America, Panama is known for the Panama Canal, tropical beaches, and modern skyscrapers. Panama City, its capital, is a hub of international banking and commerce. The economy is based on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Panamanian culture is a blend of European, African, and Indigenous influences, seen in its music, food, and festivals.
135. Papua New Guinea Located in the southwestern Pacific, Papua New Guinea is known for its cultural and biological diversity. Port Moresby, its capital, is its largest city. The economy relies on agriculture, mining, and petroleum. Papua New Guinean culture is one of the oldest living cultures, with over 700 different ethnic groups recognized, each with its unique traditions and languages.
136. Paraguay Landlocked between Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia, Paraguay is known for its extensive natural reserves and the world’s largest drinking water reservoir, Guarani Aquifer. Asunción, its capital, is among the oldest cities in South America. The economy relies on agriculture and livestock, with soybeans and beef as the main exports. Paraguayan culture features a mix of Spanish and Guarani influences, seen in its bilingual population and folk traditions.
137. Peru Located on the western side of South America, Peru is known for its rich history, Andean landscapes, and diverse ecosystems, including the Amazon Rainforest. Lima, its capital, boasts colonial architecture and world-class gastronomy. The economy, one of the fastest-growing globally, is based on mining, manufacturing, and services. Peruvian culture is a fusion of indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian influences, with deep-rooted traditions in music, dance, and cuisine.
138. Philippines Located in Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific, the Philippines is an archipelago known for its beautiful beaches, biodiversity, and hospitality. Manila, its capital, is a bustling metropolis. The economy, one of the emerging markets, is the 3rd largest in ASEAN and primarily based on services and manufacturing. Filipino culture is a blend of indigenous, Spanish, American, and Asian influences, which can be seen in festivals, music, and food.
139. Poland Located in Central Europe, Poland is known for its medieval architecture, Jewish heritage, and hearty cuisine. Warsaw, its capital, has extensive cultural and historical offerings. The economy, the sixth-largest in the EU, is diverse with a balance between commodity production and services. Polish culture, influenced by its turbulent history, is rich in music, visual arts, and literature.
140. Portugal Located on the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is known for its stunning coastline, historic cities, and Port wine. Lisbon, its capital, is characterized by pastel-colored buildings and tram-covered streets. The economy is well diversified, with a focus on services, industry, and agriculture. Portuguese culture, with a history rooted in Roman and Moorish traditions, plays a significant role in maritime exploration depicted in music, dance, and cuisine.
141. Qatar Located on the small Qatar Peninsula in the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is known for its wealth from natural gas and oil reserves, its cosmopolitan capital city, Doha, with modern architecture and traditional souqs. The economy is one of the richest globally, heavily reliant on oil and gas production. Qatari culture is a blend of traditional Bedouin practices and a modern Arab lifestyle.
142. Romania Located in Eastern Europe, Romania is known for its Carpathian mountain range, its unique Painted Monasteries, and the legend of Dracula. Bucharest, its capital, is famous for its monumental, communist-era Palatul Parlamentului government building. The economy is primarily based on services, and Romania is a significant producer of automobiles. Romanian culture melds influences from Latin, Greek, Byzantine, and Ottoman cultures.
143. Russia The largest country in the world by landmass, Russia stretches across Eastern Europe and northern Asia, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and significant influence in world politics. Moscow, the capital, is renowned for the Kremlin, Red Square, and iconic St. Basil’s Cathedral. The Russian economy is one of the largest globally, with abundant natural resources. Russian culture is renowned for its contributions to literature, ballet, art, and music.
144. Rwanda Located in East Africa, Rwanda is known for its breathtaking scenery and diverse wildlife, including gorillas in the Volcanoes National Park. Kigali, its capital, is considered one of the cleanest and safest cities in Africa. The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, with coffee and tea as major exports. Rwandan culture, unified by the use of Kinyarwanda language, features unique music, dance, and crafts.
145. Saint Kitts and Nevis Located in the West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere known for its beautiful landscapes, with a dormant volcano and beautiful beaches. Basseterre is the capital city. The economy depends on tourism, agriculture, and small manufacturing industries. The culture is a blend of West African, British, and French influences, seen in their music, dance, and cuisine.
146. Saint Lucia Located in the eastern Caribbean Sea, Saint Lucia is known for its striking twin volcanic peaks, the Pitons, and beautiful sandy beaches. Castries, its capital, is a major tourist hub. The economy depends primarily on tourism, banana production, and small-scale manufacturing. Saint Lucian culture is a blend of French, English, and West African influences, visible in its music, dance, and cuisine.
147. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Located in the Caribbean, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is known for its sailing destinations, beautiful beaches, and volcanic landscapes. Kingstown, its capital, combines the charm of the old world and the vibrancy of the new. The economy is driven by agriculture, tourism, and offshore banking. The culture features a blend of African, Carib, English, and French influences.
148. Samoa Located in the South Pacific, Samoa is known for its beautiful beaches, crystal clear waters, and warm hospitality. Apia, its capital, is the country’s only city and port. The economy is dependent on agriculture, tourism, and remittances from overseas Samoans. Samoan culture, or fa’a Samoa, emphasizes community, family, and respect for elders.
149. San Marino Located on the Italian Peninsula, San Marino is one of the world’s oldest republics and is known for its historic architecture and beautiful views. Its capital, City of San Marino, boasts medieval fortresses. The economy relies on finance, industry, services, and tourism. San Marino culture, heavily influenced by Italian culture, is renowned for its ceramics, stamps, and coins.
150. Sao Tome and Principe Located off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa, Sao Tome and Principe is known for its natural beauty, including lush rainforests and extensive marine life. São Tomé, its capital, is a vibrant city with colorful colonial architecture. The economy depends largely on cocoa production and tourism. The culture is a fusion of African, Portuguese, and Brazilian influences, particularly evident in music, dance, and food.
151. Saudi Arabia Situated on the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia is known for its vast deserts like Rub’ al Khali, historic sites such as the Nabatean ruins at Al-Khuraybah, and as the birthplace of Islam. Riyadh, its capital, is a mix of modern skyscrapers and historic sites. The economy is oil-dominated but is undergoing diversification. Saudi culture is shaped by Islamic traditions and Bedouin customs.
152. Senegal Located in West Africa, Senegal is known for its French colonial heritage, diverse wildlife, and the vibrant cultural scene. Dakar, its capital, is famed for its nightlife, historical museums, and Le Monument de la Renaissance Africaine. The economy is driven by mining, agriculture, and fisheries. Senegalese culture is rich in musical traditions, with sabar and Mbalax being the most popular.
153. Serbia Located in the Balkan Peninsula, Serbia is known for its mountains and spas, diverse architecture, and the Danube River. Belgrade, its capital, boasts vibrant nightlife and historic charm. The economy is driven by services and industry. Serbian culture is a blend of Eastern and Western influences, particularly evident in music, literature, and cuisine.
154. Seychelles An archipelago in the Indian Ocean, Seychelles is known for its beaches, coral reefs, nature reserves, and rare wildlife. Victoria, its capital, is situated on the island of Mahe. The economy is based on tourism, commercial fishing, and offshore finance. Seychellois culture is a fusion of French, African, and Indian influences, reflected in its Creole language, music, and cuisine.
155. Sierra Leone Located on the southwest coast of West Africa, Sierra Leone is known for its white-sand beaches, biodiversity, and significant mineral resources. Freetown, its capital, is a bustling city with a natural harbor. The economy is largely based on mining and agriculture. Sierra Leonean culture blends Temne, Mende, and Creole influences, noticeable in their music, dance, and storytelling traditions.
156. Singapore An island city-state off southern Malaysia, Singapore is known for its multicultural population, vibrant food scene, and impressive skyline dotted with futuristic gardens and modern architecture. Its economy is highly developed, competitive and is known for its business-friendly environment. Singaporean culture is a mix of Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Western influences, which can be seen in all aspects of life.
157. Slovakia Located in the heart of Europe, Slovakia is known for its dramatic natural landscape and many castles. Bratislava, the capital, charms visitors with its vibrant old town and medieval castle. The economy is well diversified, with automobile manufacturing being a significant sector. Slovak culture blends Central European customs with local traditions.
158. Slovenia Situated in Central Europe, Slovenia is known for its mountains, ski resorts, and lakes. Ljubljana, its capital, is known for its university population and green spaces, including expansive Tivoli Park. The economy is diverse, well-developed, and export-oriented. Slovene culture is a mix of Balkan and Central European traditions and features a variety of musical, dance, and culinary festivals.
159. Solomon Islands Located in the South Pacific, the Solomon Islands are known for their pristine beaches, World War II sites, and excellent dive spots. Honiara, on the island of Guadalcanal, is the capital. The economy depends on agriculture, fishing, and aid assistance. Solomon Islands culture is diverse with over 70 languages spoken, each tribe possessing its distinct customs and traditions.
160. Somalia Located in the Horn of Africa, Somalia boasts a long coastline, ancient cave paintings, and a mix of desert, mountain, and plateau landscapes. Mogadishu, its capital, is a significant seaport. The economy, despite instability, is maintained through livestock, money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Somali culture is shaped by Islamic traditions, with poetry playing an integral role.
161. South Africa Located at the southernmost tip of Africa, South Africa is known for its diverse flora and fauna, multiracial society, and vibrant cities. Johannesburg, its largest city, is an economic powerhouse. Cape Town, another major city, is renowned for its harbor and Table Mountain. The economy is the second-largest in Africa, with a strong presence of manufacturing and service sectors. South African culture is a mix of African, European, and Indian influences, known for its music and dance.
162. South Sudan Located in East-Central Africa, South Sudan is known for its vast swamps and grassland areas, including the Sudd, one of the world’s largest wetlands. Juba, its capital and largest city, is situated on the White Nile. The economy is heavily based on oil production, which accounts for most of the country’s exports and gross domestic product. South Sudanese culture is a blend of traditional and nomadic tribal customs, visible in local dances, music, and folklore.
163. Spain Located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, Spain is known for its diverse culture, historic cities, and famous festivals like the Running of the Bulls and La Tomatina. Madrid, its capital, is home to the Royal Palace and the Prado Museum. The Spanish economy, the fifth-largest in Europe, is predominantly based on services, though it also has a robust automotive and renewable energy industry. Spanish culture is renowned for Flamenco music and dance, bullfights, fantastic beaches, and lots of sunshine.
164. Sri Lanka Located in South Asia, Sri Lanka is an island known for its ancient Buddhist ruins, including the 5th-century city Sigiriya, its tea plantations, and diverse wildlife. Colombo, its capital, is a bustling city with colonial buildings and modern amenities. The economy is transitioning from a predominantly rural-based economy towards a more urbanized economy oriented around manufacturing and services. Sri Lankan culture is a blend of Indian, Arab, and European influences, evident in its food, music, and festivals.
165. Sudan Located in North-East Africa, Sudan is known for its diverse landscapes, from deserts to fertile farmland, and its pyramids of the ancient kingdom of Kush. Khartoum, its capital, is located at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile. The economy is predominantly agrarian with a growing oil sector. Sudanese culture is a mix of African and Arab influences, with traditional music and dance playing a significant role in local customs.
166. Suriname Located on the northeast coast of South America, Suriname is the smallest country in South America but it’s known for its vast natural reserves and ethnic diversity. Its capital, Paramaribo, features Dutch colonial buildings and a vibrant market. The economy is heavily reliant on the extraction of its abundant natural resources, particularly bauxite, oil, and gold. Surinamese culture is incredibly diverse, with influences from East Indian, African, Javanese, and Chinese cultures.
167. Sweden Located in Northern Europe, Sweden is known for its stunning natural beauty, including forests, lakes, and coastal islands, its design, and its commitment to social equality. Its capital, Stockholm, is an archipelago city known for its historic and modern architecture. Sweden has a mixed economy oriented towards foreign trade, primarily with automobiles, industrial machines, and telecommunication. Swedish culture is marked by simplicity, efficiency, and a connection to nature.
168. Switzerland Situated in the confluence of German, French, and Italian Europe, Switzerland is known for its mountainous topography, political neutrality, and high standards of living. Its cities, like capital Bern, are known for their well-preserved medieval cores. Switzerland has a prosperous and high-tech economy; its products are renowned for their precision and quality, notably in fields of horology and machinery. Swiss culture is characterized by diversity, given the country’s three official linguistic communities.
169. Syria Located in Western Asia, Syria is known for its rich history dating back to antiquity and its diverse ethnic and religious communities. Damascus, its capital, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Syria’s economy is in a state of hardship due to ongoing conflict, with agriculture still playing a key role. Syrian culture is rich and ancient, influenced by many empires that ruled the land, leading to a diverse mix of customs and traditions.
170. Taiwan Located off the southeast coast of China, Taiwan is known for its modern cities, traditional Chinese temples, hot springs resorts, and dramatic mountainous terrain. Taipei, its capital, is known for its busy night markets, modern architecture, and Taipei 101, a bamboo-shaped skyscraper. Taiwan’s economy is export-oriented, excelling in fields of electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals. Taiwanese culture is a fusion of traditional Chinese, Japanese, Southeast Asian, and American influences.
171. Tajikistan Nestled in Central Asia, Tajikistan is renowned for its rugged mountains, perfect for hiking and climbing. Dushanbe, its capital, is noted for its Soviet-era architecture. The country’s economy leans heavily on aluminium production, cotton growing, and remittances from migrant workers. Tajik culture, heavily influenced by Persian traditions, prominently features hospitality, cuisine, and the poetic works of the celebrated Persian-language poet, Rudaki.
172. Tanzania Situated in East Africa, Tanzania is known for its vast wilderness areas including the plains of Serengeti National Park, a safari mecca populated by the “big five” game, and Kilimanjaro National Park, home to Africa’s highest mountain. Dodoma, the national capital, hosts the National Assembly. Tanzania’s economy relies on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 65% of the workforce. Tanzanian culture is a blend of African, Arab, European, and Indian influences, visible in its music, dance, and cuisine.
173. Thailand Located in the heart of Southeast Asia, Thailand is known for its tropical beaches, opulent royal palaces, ancient ruins, and ornate temples displaying statues of the Buddha. Bangkok, its capital, is a bustling city known for its vibrant street life and cultural landmarks. The Thai economy is heavily export-dependent, with exports accounting for more than two-thirds of its gross domestic product (GDP). Thai culture is deeply influenced by Buddhism, visible in its architecture, art, and festivals.
174. Togo Situated in West Africa, Togo is known for its palm-lined beaches and hilltop villages. Lomé, its capital, is known for its colonial architecture. Togo’s economy relies heavily on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. Togolese culture reflects the influences of its many ethnic groups, the largest and most influential of which are the Ewe, Mina, and Kabye.
175. Tonga An archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, Tonga is known for its white beaches, coral reefs, and tropical rainforest. Nukuʻalofa, its capital, features a waterfront promenade and traditional Tongan crafts at the Talamahu Market. The Tongan economy is characterized by a large non-monetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the overseas Tongan community. Tongan culture is deeply rooted in Polynesian traditions and very much influenced by its Christian faith.
176. Trinidad and Tobago Located in the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago is known for its vibrant culture, festivities, and music styles, including calypso and steelpan, which originated in the country. Port of Spain, the capital, is known for its carnival, one of the biggest celebrations in the world. The economy is mainly industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals. The culture of Trinidad and Tobago is diverse and influenced by Native Caribbean, Indian, African, Portuguese, Spanish, Chinese, Arab, and English cultures.
177. Tunisia Situated in North Africa, Tunisia is known for its golden beaches, sunny weather, and historic sites from the Roman Empire. Tunis, the capital, blends the old, including the ancient medina, and the new, with modern developments. The economy is diverse, encompassing agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and petroleum products. Tunisian culture is a blend of Arab, Berber, Turkish, and French influences.
178. Turkey Straddling Eastern Europe and Western Asia, Turkey is known for its rich history, diverse cultures, landscapes, and cuisines. Istanbul, the largest city, is famous for its historic sites, including the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque. The economy is classified as an emerging market and is largely driven by industry and services. Turkish culture is a product of its history, and the country’s strategic location has made it a crossroads of civilizations.
179. Turkmenistan Located in Central Asia, Turkmenistan is known for its archaeological ruins and nomadic culture. Ashgabat, the capital, is filled with grand monuments and modern architecture. The economy is heavily state-controlled, with substantial revenue from gas and oil reserves. Turkmen culture, influenced by nomadic traditions, is rich in dance, music, and visual arts, with colorful textiles and jewelry.
180. Tuvalu A Polynesian island country in the Pacific Ocean, Tuvalu is known for its small size, beautiful beaches, and sea-level rise due to climate change. Funafuti, its capital, is a tiny atoll featuring an airstrip and the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute. The economy is minimal, with a large dependence on foreign aid and remittances. Tuvaluan culture is Polynesian, with traditional music and dance playing an important part of social events and gatherings.
181. Uganda Located in East Africa, Uganda is known for its diverse landscape encompassing the snow-capped Rwenzori Mountains and the massive Lake Victoria. Kampala, its capital, is lively and bustling. The economy is largely based on agriculture, with coffee accounting for the majority of export revenues. Ugandan culture is a diverse mix of Bantu, Nilotic, and Central Sudanic traditional African entities, with a significant influence from Arab, Western, and Asian cultures.
182. Ukraine Situated at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe, Ukraine is known for its Orthodox Churches, Black Sea coastline, and forested mountains. Its capital, Kyiv, features the gold-domed St. Sophia’s Cathedral. The economy is a mix of heavy industry, particularly in aerospace and industrial equipment, and agriculture. Ukrainian culture uniquely blends Slavic and other Eastern European influences with those of Western Europe.
183. United Arab Emirates Located on the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula, the United Arab Emirates, a federation of seven emirates, is known for its oil reserves and major hubs for international business, notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The economy is highly reliant on oil, but diversification efforts are ongoing, with a growing emphasis on tourism and business. Emirati culture is based on Arabian culture, with influences from the cultures of East Africa and Indian Subcontinent.
184. United Kingdom Comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom is known for its long history, iconic landmarks like the Big Ben, and cultural exports like the English language and the Beatles. Its capital, London, is a globally influential center of finance and culture. The economy is highly developed and market-oriented, with a focus on services. British culture is influenced by the country’s history as a developed state, a liberal democracy, and a great power.
185. United States Located in North America, the United States is known for its economic and political influence, cultural exports, and diverse landscapes. Washington D.C., its capital, and New York City, its largest city, are global hubs for politics, finance, and culture. The U.S. has the world’s largest economy by nominal GDP, with a diverse range of industries including technology, film, and agriculture. American culture is primarily a Western culture, but is influenced by Native American, African, Asian, and Polynesian cultures, and its own distinct social and cultural characteristics.
186. Uruguay Located in the southeastern region of South America, Uruguay is known for its verdant interior and beach-lined coast. Montevideo, its capital, blends historic areas with modern elements. Its economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce. Uruguayan culture is strongly influenced by its European roots, noticeable in its architecture, food, and culture.
187. Uzbekistan Located in Central Asia, Uzbekistan is known for its mosques, mausoleums, and sites linked to the Silk Road. Tashkent, its capital, houses a mix of modern and Soviet-era architecture. Its economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, and natural gas. Uzbek culture is rich and diverse, strongly influenced by its history of various empires and trade routes.
188. Vanuatu A Pacific island country located in the South Pacific Ocean, Vanuatu is known for its volcanic landscape, water sports, and vibrant culture. Port Vila, its capital, is a hub for diving and water activities. The economy is based on small-scale agriculture, providing a living for the majority of the population. Vanuatu culture is diverse with over 100 languages and strong ties to the land, sea, and spirituality.
189. Vatican City An independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy, Vatican City is the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It’s known for St. Peter’s Square, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums. The economy is supported financially by donations from Roman Catholics worldwide, the sale of postage stamps, tourist mementos, and admission fees of museums. Vatican culture is heavily influenced by the Catholic Church and its rituals.
190. Venezuela Located on the northern coast of South America, Venezuela is known for its diverse natural attractions, including the Angel Falls, the highest waterfall in the world. Caracas, its capital, offers a mix of historical and modern attractions. The economy is largely based on petroleum exports, leading to an over-reliance on the global oil market. Venezuelan culture is a mix of indigenous, African, and Spanish influences, resulting in a vibrant blend of music, art, food, and sports.
191. Vietnam Located on the eastern Indochina Peninsula, Vietnam is known for its bustling cities, Buddhist pagodas, and diverse landscapes encompassing beaches, rivers, and bustling cities. Hanoi, its capital, pays homage to the nation’s iconic Communist-era leader, Ho Chi Minh, via a huge marble mausoleum. The economy is a mixed socialist-oriented market economy, with a high level of state-owned enterprises. Vietnamese culture is a complex adaptation of Chinese, Japanese, French and American colonial influences.
192. Yemen Situated at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, Yemen is known for its ancient history and rich Islamic culture. Sanaa, its capital, is filled with various archaeological and historical sites. Yemen’s economy is based largely on petroleum exports, but it also has a strong agricultural sector. Yemeni culture is deeply rooted in the Islamic tradition and Bedouin lifestyle, with a strong emphasis on hospitality and making guests feel welcome.
193. Zambia Located in south-central Africa, Zambia is known for its diverse wildlife, landscapes and wilderness echoed in its many parks and safari areas. Lusaka, its capital, is a bustling city in the south, filled with high-rise buildings and bustling markets. Zambia’s economy is heavily reliant on its mining industry, particularly copper exports. Zambian culture is a mix of over 70 ethnic groups, each with its own customs and traditions.
194. Zimbabwe Situated in southern Africa, Zimbabwe is known for its dramatic landscape and diverse wildlife, much of it within parks, reserves and safari areas. Harare, its capital, is contemporary and scenic, with many parks and gardens. Zimbabwe’s economy depends heavily on mining and agriculture. Zimbabwean culture is a mix of indigenous traditions and colonial influences, resulting in a rich tapestry of arts, music, and dance.
It’s important to note that the international community does not universally recognize some territories as independent countries, and thus they might not appear on this list.
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